Civil Engineering

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Civil engineering

Civil Engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,construction,and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads,bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.

Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, geophysics , geodesy, control engineering,structural engineering, biomechanics,nanotechnology, transportation engineering,earth science, atmospheric sciences,forensic engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering,materials engineering,coastal engineering,surveying,and construction engineering.

Calculation is taken for shuttering in staircase

how the calculation is taken for shuttering in staircase?

1.(FLIGHT & LANDING) calculate each flight underside,landing underside area.landing underside area is normal L*B,but flight underside area calculate using formula (A*A + B*B=C*C)=length of flight then L*B=AREA .

2.(WASTE SLAB) calculate waste slab side ex.waste slab thickness0.150m flight length 3.8m=(both sides)2*3.8*.15=1.14sq.m.

3.landing sides=l*h(l=3sides)

4.(STEP) ex.width of staircase=1.25m,riser=.15m,threader.3m each flight13steps each flight calculation=width=1.25*13=16.25sq.m both sides =(0.15*.03*13)=0.585 sq.m because ((.15*.3)/2*2=0.15*.3)OK.